If this cannot be achieved, then plate heat exchangers will be required.ДЄn exact calculation of the heat demand for DHW can be made using international or national norms. ДЇor internal heat exchangers, a surface area of 0.4вЂ“0.7В m 2/kW heating capacity is recommended.This results in an approximately 50 or 60вЊ hot water temperature produced by the HP. Plan the heat exchanger for a 5-K temperature difference with a supply temperature of 55вЊ or 65вЊ. ДЄ hot water tank for a three-to-five-person household is approximately 300В l.ДЄ heating capacity of 0.25В kW per person for hot water heating should be accounted for when sizing the HP (single-family house).

If the heating system is to be used for DHW production, notice should be taken of the following : The maximum operating temperature in the distribution network is 60вЊ. The average DHW demand can be assumed to be 30В l/person/day at 45вЊ. The heating HP is oversized for DHW heating during the summer and must operate at a higher temperature difference in the winter due to the water heating priority. These systems are particularly suitable for retrofits or combined with another heat source (i.e., bivalent operation). If ground-water or ground-source systems cannot be used, air as a heat source is available practically anywhere. Horizontal collectors are mainly used with this system. In direct expansion systems, the heat stored in the ground is absorbed directly by the refrigerant. These heat sources are closed systems, meaning that the antifreeze solution (brine) stays within the buried tube system. If space is limited, vertical loops using geothermal energy can be effective. If sufficient surface area is available, horizontal collectors offer the most cost-effective solution. If the use of ground-water is not available, the ground can function as an efficient, effective thermal storage medium with a relatively high temperature. The best ground-water heat source system is an open system, which may require approval. If ground-water is available at a reasonable depth, temperature, acceptable quality, and in sufficient quantity, the highest COP can be achieved. ДЄs a rule, the heat source with the highest temperature levels should beВ selected to ensure the highest possible COP and thereby the lowest operationВ costs. For system planning, all of the components must be designed to interact optimally to ensure the highest level of performance and reliable operation. Ioan Sarbu, Calin Sebarchievici, in Solar Heating and Cooling Systems, 2017 9.3.5 Selection of Heat Source and Heat Pump SystemДЄn HP heating system consists of a heat source, an HP unit, and a heat delivery system.

Camel Heat Load Calculation Software